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intellectual structure

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1 intellectual structure

Вычислительная техника: интеллектуальная структура

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > intellectual structure
2 intellectual structure

интеллектуальная структура

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > intellectual structure
3 intellectual structure

интеллектуальная структура научной дисциплины

Англо-русский словарь по исследованиям и ноу-хау > intellectual structure
4 structure

структура (1. строение; внутренняя организация 2. схема; система; конструкция 3. интегральная структура; интегральная схема 4. форма; вид) || образовывать структуру; структурировать; организовывать || структурный

- 1: N structure
- air-isolation monolithic structure
- antiasperomagnetic structure
- antiferromagnetic structure
- array structure
- asperomagnetic structure
- asymmetric-chevron bubble propagating structure
- backward-wave structure
- band structure
- base-centered structure
- beam-lead structure
- bias-pin resonator structure
- biperiodic structure
- BIST structure
- block structure
- branch control structure
- bubble array structure
- bubble-domain array structure
- bucket-brigade structure
- built-in self-test structure
- built-in self-testing structure
- buried-collector structure
- BW structure
- canted magnetic structure
- CCD structure
- cell structure
- charge-coupled-device structure
- charge-sloshing structure
- charge-transfer structure
- chevron layer structure
- cholesteric structure
- class structure
- close-packed structure
- cluster spin glass structure
- collinear structure
- comb structure
- commensurate magnetic structure
- complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor structure
- computing structure
- conceptual structure
- cone magnetic structure
- contiguous data structure
- continuous slow-wave structure
- control structure
- coordination structure
- coplanar-electrode structure
- crystal structure
- cubic structure
- current-induced magnetic-flux structure
- data structure
- decision structure
- deep structure
- dendrite structure
- diamagnetic structure
- dielectric-anisotropic electrooptic crystal sandwich structure
- dielectric-isolated structure
- directory structure
- disordered structure
- dissipative structure
- distributed data structure
- domain structure
- domain-wall structure
- double-drift structure
- dual-base structure
- electronic band structure
- endohedral structure
- energy-band structure
- epitaxial structure
- extended-interaction structure
- face-centered structure
- FAMOS structure
- fan magnetic structure
- feed-backward lattice structure
- feed-forward lattice structure
- ferrimagnetic spiral structure
- ferrimagnetic structure
- ferromagnetic spiral structure
- ferromagnetic structure
- file structure
- fine structure
- flat antiferromagnetic spiral structure
- floating-gate avalanche-injection MOS structure
- forward-wave structure
- fractal structure
- generic structure
- graded-base structure
- graphic data structure
- gross crystal structure
- guard-ring structure
- half-disk bubble propagating structure
- Hamiltonian structure
- helicoidal magnetic structure
- heterodesmic structure
- heterojunction structure
- hexagonal structure
- hill-and-valley structure
- homodesmic structure
- honeycomb domain structure
- honeycomb structure
- hybrid ferromagnet-semiconductor structure
- hyperfine structure
- I2-PLASA structure
- ideal spin glass structure
- IF-THEN-ELSE structure
- incommensurate magnetic structure
- integrated-circuit structure
- intellectual structure
- interdigital structure
- interdigitated structure
- internally striped planar structure
- intracell charge-transfer structure
- inverted structure
- ion-implanted planar mesa structure
- ion-implanted structure
- island structure
- isomorphic structures
- iteration control structure
- junction-isolated structure
- ladder-line slow-wave structure
- lag structure
- lateral complementary-transistor structure
- lattice structure
- leapfrog multi-feedback structure
- light-guiding structure
- line injecting structure
- linear structure
- local periodic structure
- logic control structure
- logic structure
- log-periodic structure
- long-periodic magnetic structure
- loop structure
- LP structure
- lyotropic structure
- major-minor loop memory structure
- MAS structure
- meander-line slow-wave structure
- merged structure
- mesa structure
- mesh structure
- metal-alumina-semiconductor structure
- metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor structure
- metal-insulator-metal structure
- metal-insulator-metal-insulator-metal structure
- metal-insulator-metal-insulator-semiconductor structure
- metal-insulator-oxide-semiconductor structure
- metal-insulator-semiconductor annular structure
- metal-insulator-semiconductor structure
- metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structure
- metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor structure
- metal-nitride-semiconductor structure
- metal-oxide-metal structure
- metal-oxide-semiconductor structure
- metal-oxide-silicon structure
- metal-silicon nitride-silicon oxide-silicon structure
- metal-thick oxide-nitride-silicon structure
- metal-thick oxide-silicon structure
- MFS structure
- microwave structure
- mictomagnetic structure
- MIM structure
- MIMIM structure
- MIMIS structure
- MIOS structure
- MIS annular structure
- MIS structure
- MISIS structure
- MNOS structure
- MNS structure
- modular structure
- modulated magnetic structure
- modulated structure
- molecular structure
- monoclinic structure
- monolithic structure
- MOS structure
- MQW structure
- MSNSOS structure
- multidomain structure
- multiemitter structure
- multijunction structure
- multilevel structure
- multilevel-metallized structure
- multimode structure
- multiple-base structure
- multiple-junction structure
- multipole structure
- multiquantum-well structure
- n on p structure
- n on p substrate structure
- narrow-gap structure
- nematic structure
- nested structure
- n-i-p-i structure
- noncollinear structure
- non-contiguous data structure
- nonuniform-base structure
- n-p-n structure
- object structure
- one-element failure permissible structure
- optical-waveguide structure
- ordered structure
- organizational structure
- orthorhombic structure
- overlapping-gate structure
- overlay structure
- p on n structure
- p on n substrate structure
- paramagnetic structure
- percolation structure
- periodic domain structure
- periodic magnetic focusing structure
- periodic permanent-magnet structure
- perovskite structure
- phase slip structure
- photoconductor-elastomer structure
- planar structure
- plane-injection structure
- p-n structure
- p-n-i-p structure
- pnotojunction structure
- p-n-p structure
- polycrystalline structure
- position-dependent zone structure
- PPM structure
- program structure
- p-si-n structure
- punch-through structure
- radar absorbing structure
- Read structure
- rearrangeable multistage structure
- record structure
- redundant structure
- reflexive structure
- relational structure
- rhombohedral structure
- RM structure
- sandwich structure
- sectorial structure of crystal
- selection structure
- self-referent structure
- self-similar structure
- semiconductor-metal-semiconductor structure
- sequence structure
- sequential data structure
- signal structure
- silicon-on-insulated substrate structure
- silicon-on-insulator structure
- silicon-on-spinel structure
- simple cubic structure
- simple spiral magnetic structure
- slowing structure
- slow-wave propagation structure
- slow-wave structure
- smectic structure
- SMS structure
- social structure
- space-antenna support structure
- sperimagnetic structure
- speromagnetic structure
- spin structure
- spin-screw structure
- spiral magnetic structure
- spiral structure
- staggered-electrode structure
- standard buried-collector structure
- star structure
- stripe domain structure
- structure of management information
- sub-band structure
- supercritically doped structure
- superlattice structure
- surface structure
- symbol structure
- tape helix slow-wave structure
- technical structure
- tesselation structure
- test structure
- tetragonal structure
- T-I-bar structure
- transverse-tape slow-wave structure
- tree structure
- triclinic structure
- trigonal structure
- twin structure
- two-element failure permissible structure
- two-sleeve spiral magnetic structure
- umbrella magnetic structure
- undercut mesa structure
- uniform-base structure
- unipolar structure
- vertical p-n-p structure
- V-groove metal-oxide-semiconductor structure
- volume-centered structure
- vortex structure
- wide-gap structure
- Y-bar structure
- Y-I-bar structure
- zig-zag line slow-wave structure

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > structure
5 интеллектуальная структура

intellectual structure

Русско-английский словарь по электронике > интеллектуальная структура
6 интеллектуальная структура

intellectual structure

Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > интеллектуальная структура
7 интеллектуальная структура

Information technology: intellectual structure

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > интеллектуальная структура
8 simple

adj.

1 simple (sin componentes).

2 simple (sencillo, tonto).

3 simple, easy.

es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin

4 mere (mero).

por simple estupidez through sheer stupidity

nos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itself

no le pedí más que un simple favor all I asked him for was a favor

5 prime (Mat).

f. & m.

simpleton (person).

* * *

simple

► adjetivo

1 (gen) simple

2 (único) single, just one

■ con una simple llamada lo hubiera arreglado he could have settled it with just one phone call

3 (mero) mere

4 (persona) simple, simple-minded

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 simpleton

► nombre masculino

1 (tenis) singles plural

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

por simple descuido through sheer carelessness

* * *

adj.

1) mere

2) simple

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=sin adornos) [peinado, objeto] simple; [vestido, decoración] plain

2) [método] simple, easy, straightforward

3) [antes de sustantivo] (=mero) mere

por simple descuido — through sheer carelessness

es cosa de una simple plumada — it's a matter of a mere stroke of the pen

somos simples aficionados — we're just amateurs

4) [antes de sustantivo] (=corriente) ordinary

es un simple abogado — he's only o just a solicitor

un simple soldado — an ordinary soldier

5) [persona] (=sin complicaciones) simple; (=crédulo) gullible; pey (=de pocas luces) simple-minded

6) (Ling, Quím) simple

7) (Bot) single

2.

SMF (=persona) simpleton

3.

SMPL pl simples (Tenis) singles; (Bot) simples

* * *
I
adjetivo

1)

a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simple

no puede ser más simple — it couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforward; llanamente

b) (Quím) < sustancia> simple

c) (Ling) < tiempo> simple

2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple

es un simple resfriado — it's just a common cold

un simple soldado — an ordinary soldier

3) ( tonto) simple, simple-minded

no seas simple — don't be silly
II
masculino y femenino simpleton

* * *

= mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.

Ex. Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.

Ex. The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.

Ex. The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.

Ex. The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.

Ex. Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.

Ex. Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.

Ex. Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.

Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.

Ex. Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.

Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.

Ex. None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.

Ex. Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.

Ex. Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.

Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.

Ex. Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.

Ex. Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.

Ex. It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.

Ex. Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.

Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.

Ex. Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.

Ex. Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.

----

* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.

* búsqueda simple = simple search.

* de una forma simple = in a simple manner.

* de una manera simple = in a simple manner.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* interés simple = simple interest.

* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.

* simple mortal = lesser mortal.

* simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.

* tan simple como = with as little ado as.

* unidad simple = singleton.

* * *
I
adjetivo

1)

a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simple

no puede ser más simple — it couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforward; llanamente

b) (Quím) < sustancia> simple

c) (Ling) < tiempo> simple

2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple

es un simple resfriado — it's just a common cold

un simple soldado — an ordinary soldier

3) ( tonto) simple, simple-minded

no seas simple — don't be silly
II
masculino y femenino simpleton

* * *

= mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.

Ex: Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.

Ex: The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.

Ex: The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.

Ex: The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.

Ex: Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.

Ex: Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.

Ex: Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.

Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.

Ex: Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.

Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.

Ex: None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.

Ex: Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.

Ex: Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.

Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.

Ex: Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.

Ex: Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.

Ex: It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.

Ex: Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.

Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.

Ex: Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.

Ex: Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.

* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.

* búsqueda simple = simple search.

* de una forma simple = in a simple manner.

* de una manera simple = in a simple manner.

* hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.

* interés simple = simple interest.

* las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.

* simple mortal = lesser mortal.

* simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.

* tan simple como = with as little ado as.

* unidad simple = singleton.

* * *

simple¹

adjective

A

1 (sencillo, fácil) ‹sistema/procedimiento› simple

el mecanismo no puede ser más simple the mechanism couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforward

la solución es muy simple the solution is very simple

es una dieta simple pero completa it's a simple but complete diet

llanamente

2 ( Quím) ‹sustancia› simple

3 ( Ling) ‹tiempo› simple

B ( delante del n) (mero) simple

un simple error puede causar un accidente a simple mistake can cause an accident

no es más que un simple resfriado it's just a common cold

era un simple soldado he was an ordinary soldier

vista² (↑ vista (2))

C (tonto, bobo) simple, simple-minded

es muy simple, pero buena persona he's rather simple o simple-minded, but he's a nice person

no seas simple ¿no ves que así no haces nada? don't be silly o ( BrE colloq) daft, can't you see you won't get anywhere like that?

simple²

masculine and feminine

simpleton

* * *

simple adjetivo
1 (sencillo, fácil) simple;
See also→ llanamente
2 ( delante del n) ( mero) simple;
◊ el simple hecho de … the simple fact of …;

es un simple resfriado it's just a common cold;
un simple soldado an ordinary soldier
3 ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino
simpleton
simple
I adjetivo
1 (sencillo) simple: estos ejercicios son muy simples, these exercises are very easy
una cámara de simple manejo, an easy-to-use camera
2 Ling Quím (no complejo, no compuesto) simple
oración simple, simple sentence
3 (mero, tan solo) mere, pure: somos simples espectadores, we are mere observers
fue simple casualidad, it was pure coincidence
pey es un simple secretario, he's just a secretary
4 (cándido, sin malicia) naive, innocent
pey (tonto) simple-minded, half-witted, foolish
II m (ingenuo, inocente) innocent, naive person
pey (simplón, tonto) simpleton, half-wit
' simple' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
babosa
- baboso
- bendita
- bendito
- boba
- bobalicón
- bobalicona
- bobo
- borrica
- borrico
- clavar
- compuesta
- compuesto
- hincapié
- idea
- lila
- llaneza
- mayoría
- pánfila
- pánfilo
- pardilla
- pardillo
- preferir
- sencilla
- sencillo
- simpleza
- triste
- vista
- hechura
- llanamente
- mero
- pretérito
- puro
- ya
English:
ago
- arithmetic
- dowdy
- gravestone
- mere
- naked
- plain
- simple
- simple interest
- simple-minded
- simple-mindedness
- single-spacing
- basic
- simply
- unsophisticated

* * *

simple

♦ adj

1. [sencillo, tonto] simple

2. [fácil] easy, simple;

es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin

3. [sin complicación] simple;

una decoración simple a simple decoration

4. [único, sin componentes] single;

dame una simple razón give me one single reason

5. [mero]
es un simple trabajador he's a simple o an ordinary worker;

no le pedí más que un simple favor I merely asked her a favour;

nos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itself;

por simple estupidez through sheer stupidity

6. Mat prime

7. Quím simple

8. Ling [verbo] simple

♦ nmf
[persona] simpleton
* * *

simple

I adj

1 ( fácil) simple

2 ( mero) ordinary

II m/f simpleton

* * *

simple adj

1) sencillo: plain, simple, easy

2) : pure, mere

por simple vanidad: out of pure vanity

3) : simpleminded, foolish

simple n

: fool, simpleton

* * *

simple adj

1. (sencillo) simple

era un problema muy simple it was a very simple problem

2. (solamente) just

es un simple resfriado it's just a cold

con una simple llamada with just a phone call

Spanish-English dictionary > simple
9 definir

v.

1 to define.

Ricardo definió las políticas ayer Richard defined the policies yesterday.

2 to describe.

3 to circumscribe, to delimit.

La cerca define mi territorio The fence circumscribes my territory.

4 to explain.

El sabio definió los conceptos The sage explained the concepts.

* * *

definir

► verbo transitivo

1 to define

► verbo pronominal definirse

1 to be defined

2 (explicarse) to make oneself clear, define one's position

■ se definió a favor de la medida he came out in favour of the measure

* * *

verb

to define

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ concepto, palabra] to define

2) (=calificar) to describe

definió el partido como aburrido — she described the match as boring

3) (=aclarar) [+ actitud, posición] to define; [+ contorno, silueta] to define, make sharp

4) (=establecer) [+ poder, jurisdicción] to define, establish

esta ley define las competencias de cada administración — this law defines o establishes the powers of each authority

5) (Inform) to define

2.

See:

definirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <palabra/concepto> to define

b) <postura/actitud> to define

c) <contorno/línea> to define, make... sharp
2.
definirse v pron

aún no se ha definido con respecto a este problema — he has yet to define his position on this issue

el pueblo se definió por la alternativa pacífica — the people came out in favor of a peaceful solution

* * *

= define, delineate, state, structure, construe, scope.

Ex. AACR2 defines authorship in terms of the intellectual responsibility for a work.

Ex. PRECIS relies upon citation order (sometimes with the support of prepositions) to record syntactical relationships, and to delineate two similar subjects.

Ex. Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.

Ex. The large cataloguing record data bases are structured according to a format known as the MARC format.

Ex. This is not to be construed as a suggestion that the library should attempt to set itself up as pedagogue to the nation.

Ex. Information policy is highly complex and that it presents considerable difficulties in terms of scoping meaningful studies.

----

* definir de un modo predeterminado e inamobible = hard code [hardcode].

* definir de un modo predeterminado e inamovible = hardwire [hard wire].

* definir por uno mismo = self-define.

* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.

* definir una función = formulate + role.

* definir una misión = formulate + mission.

* definir un problema = delineate + problem.

* fácil de definir = easy-to-define.

* no definirse = sit on + the fence.

* ser hora de definirse = time to climb off the fence.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <palabra/concepto> to define

b) <postura/actitud> to define

c) <contorno/línea> to define, make... sharp
2.
definirse v pron

aún no se ha definido con respecto a este problema — he has yet to define his position on this issue

el pueblo se definió por la alternativa pacífica — the people came out in favor of a peaceful solution

* * *

= define, delineate, state, structure, construe, scope.

Ex: AACR2 defines authorship in terms of the intellectual responsibility for a work.

Ex: PRECIS relies upon citation order (sometimes with the support of prepositions) to record syntactical relationships, and to delineate two similar subjects.

Ex: Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.

Ex: The large cataloguing record data bases are structured according to a format known as the MARC format.

Ex: This is not to be construed as a suggestion that the library should attempt to set itself up as pedagogue to the nation.

Ex: Information policy is highly complex and that it presents considerable difficulties in terms of scoping meaningful studies.

* definir de un modo predeterminado e inamobible = hard code [hardcode].

* definir de un modo predeterminado e inamovible = hardwire [hard wire].

* definir por uno mismo = self-define.

* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.

* definir una función = formulate + role.

* definir una misión = formulate + mission.

* definir un problema = delineate + problem.

* fácil de definir = easy-to-define.

* no definirse = sit on + the fence.

* ser hora de definirse = time to climb off the fence.

* * *

definir [I1 ]

vt

1 ‹palabra/concepto› to define

2 ‹postura/actitud› to define

3 ‹contorno/línea› to define, make … sharp

■ definirse

v pron

aún no se ha definido con respecto a este problema he has yet to define his position o to say where he stands on this issue

tenemos que definirnos por una u otra opción we have to come down in favor of o choose one or other of the options

el pueblo se definió por la alternativa pacífica the people came out o decided in favor of a peaceful solution

* * *

definir ( conjugate definir) verbo transitivo
to define
definir verbo transitivo to define
' definir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
concretar
- de
English:
define
- item
- thing
- delineate
- determine
- pin

* * *

definir

♦ vt

1. [explicar, precisar] to define;

debes definir tu postura you must define your position, you must say where you stand

2. [describir] to describe;

la generosidad define su carácter generosity typifies his character;

se define a sí mismo como de derechas he describes himself as right-wing

♦ See also the pronominal verb definirse

* * *

definir

v/t define

* * *

definir vt

1) : to define

2) : to determine

* * *

definir vb to define

Spanish-English dictionary > definir
10 establecer

v.

1 to establish.

no lograba establecer contacto con la torre de control he couldn't make o establish contact with the control tower

la policía no ha podido establecer la causa de su muerte the police have been unable to establish o determine the cause of death

las normas del club establecen que… the club rules state that…

Establecieron directrices They established guidelines.

Establecieron a Ricardo en la oficina They established Richard at the office.

2 to establish (instalar) (colonia, poblado).

* * *

establecer

Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to establish; (fundar) to found, set up

2 (récord) to set

3 (ordenar) to state, lay down, establish

■ tal como establece la ley as the law states

► verbo pronominal establecerse

1 (en un lugar) to settle; (en un negocio) to set up in business

* * *

verb

to establish, set up, found

- establecerse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ relación, comunicación] to establish

han logrado establecer contacto con el barco — they've managed to make o establish contact with the boat

una reunión para establecer el precio del petróleo — a meeting to set o fix oil prices

han establecido controles policiales — they have set up police checkpoints

2) (=fundar) [+ empresa] to establish; [+ colonia] to settle

ha establecido su domicilio en Lugo — he's taken up residence in Lugo

3) (=dictaminar) to state, lay down

la ley establece que... — the law states o lays down that...

4) (=expresar) [+ idea, principio] to establish; [+ norma] to lay down; [+ criterio] to set

para establecer los límites de los poderes del presidente — to establish the extent of the President's powers

una comisión para establecer la verdad de los hechos — a commission to establish the truth about what happened

5) [+ récord] to set

2.

See:

establecerse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <colonia/dictadura> to establish; < campamento> to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco — he took up residence in Monaco

b) <relaciones/contacto> to establish

2) ( dejar sentado)

a) <criterios/bases> to establish, lay down; < precio> to fix, set; < precedente> to establish, set

conviene dejar establecido que... — we should make it clear that...

establecer un precedente — to establish o set a precedent

b) (frml) ley/reglamento ( disponer) to state, establish

c) < uso> to establish

d) <récord/marca/moda> to set

3) ( determinar) to establish
2.
establecerse v pron colono/emigrante to settle; comerciante/empresa to set up

se estableció por su cuenta — he set up on his own

* * *

= call for, determine, establish, institute, instruct, lay down, set, set up, settle, map out, set forth, set out, bring into + being.

Ex. The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex. This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.

Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex. The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.

Ex. Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex. He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex. The searcher now decides to set up an SDI profile.

Ex. Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.

Ex. Down the years, the information industry has mapped out for itself the categories of information with which it is prepared to deal.

Ex. She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

Ex. The regulation sets out the requirement for compulsory notification of agreements to the Commission and gives the Commission powers to grant exemption to the rules.

Ex. MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.

----

* establecer alianzas = make + alliances.

* establecer canales para = establish + channels for.

* establecer características = lay down + features.

* establecer comparaciones = make + comparisons.

* establecer comparaciones entre elementos comparables = compare + like with like.

* establecer conexión = establish + link, make + connection.

* establecer contacto = make + contact.

* establecer contactos = liaise (with/between).

* establecer contactos profesionales = networking.

* establecer criterios para = make + provision for.

* establecer directrices = chart + direction.

* establecer disposiciones para = make + provisions for.

* establecer el contexto = set + context.

* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.

* establecer el tema = set + the theme.

* establecer el tono = set + the theme.

* establecer equivalencias entre = map onto/to.

* establecer lazos afectivos = bond.

* establecer límites = draw + limits.

* establecer norma = legislate.

* establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.

* establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.

* establecer normativa = govern.

* establecer prioridades = prioritise [prioritize, -USA], establish + priorities, set + priorities.

* establecer reglas = make + provision.

* establecer reglas para = lay down + rules for.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecerse = settle in, settle down.

* establecer sectores = sectoring.

* establecer una analogía = draw + analogy.

* establecer una colaboración = forge + collaboration.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* establecer una conexión = achieve + connection.

* establecer una convención = establish + convention.

* establecer un acuerdo = work out + agreement.

* establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.

* establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.

* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.

* establecer una política = institute + policy.

* establecer una regla = frame + rule.

* establecer un equilibrio = establish + a balance.

* establecer un límite = set + limit.

* establecer un norma = give + prescription.

* establecer un paralelismo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un paralelo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un principio = establish + principle, set forth + cause.

* establecer un record = establish + a record.

* establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.

* establecer valores = establish + values.

* establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.

* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <colonia/dictadura> to establish; < campamento> to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco — he took up residence in Monaco

b) <relaciones/contacto> to establish

2) ( dejar sentado)

a) <criterios/bases> to establish, lay down; < precio> to fix, set; < precedente> to establish, set

conviene dejar establecido que... — we should make it clear that...

establecer un precedente — to establish o set a precedent

b) (frml) ley/reglamento ( disponer) to state, establish

c) < uso> to establish

d) <récord/marca/moda> to set

3) ( determinar) to establish
2.
establecerse v pron colono/emigrante to settle; comerciante/empresa to set up

se estableció por su cuenta — he set up on his own

* * *

= call for, determine, establish, institute, instruct, lay down, set, set up, settle, map out, set forth, set out, bring into + being.

Ex: The main rules call for entry of societies under name and institutions under place.

Ex: This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.

Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex: The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.

Ex: Some of the above limitations of title indexes can be overcome by exercising a measure of control over the index terminology, and by inputting and instructing the computer to print a number of pre-determined links or references between keywords.

Ex: He was the son of a bricklayer who laid down as early as 1859 that 'the assistance of readers in their researches' is one of the duties that 'have daily to be provided for' in ordinary public libraries.

Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.

Ex: The searcher now decides to set up an SDI profile.

Ex: Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.

Ex: Down the years, the information industry has mapped out for itself the categories of information with which it is prepared to deal.

Ex: She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.

Ex: The regulation sets out the requirement for compulsory notification of agreements to the Commission and gives the Commission powers to grant exemption to the rules.

Ex: MARC was brought into being originally to facilitate the creation of LC catalogue cards.

* establecer alianzas = make + alliances.

* establecer canales para = establish + channels for.

* establecer características = lay down + features.

* establecer comparaciones = make + comparisons.

* establecer comparaciones entre elementos comparables = compare + like with like.

* establecer conexión = establish + link, make + connection.

* establecer contacto = make + contact.

* establecer contactos = liaise (with/between).

* establecer contactos profesionales = networking.

* establecer criterios para = make + provision for.

* establecer directrices = chart + direction.

* establecer disposiciones para = make + provisions for.

* establecer el contexto = set + context.

* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.

* establecer el tema = set + the theme.

* establecer el tono = set + the theme.

* establecer equivalencias entre = map onto/to.

* establecer lazos afectivos = bond.

* establecer límites = draw + limits.

* establecer norma = legislate.

* establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.

* establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.

* establecer normativa = govern.

* establecer prioridades = prioritise [prioritize, -USA], establish + priorities, set + priorities.

* establecer reglas = make + provision.

* establecer reglas para = lay down + rules for.

* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.

* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.

* establecerse = settle in, settle down.

* establecer sectores = sectoring.

* establecer una analogía = draw + analogy.

* establecer una colaboración = forge + collaboration.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* establecer una conexión = achieve + connection.

* establecer una convención = establish + convention.

* establecer un acuerdo = work out + agreement.

* establecer una diferencia = draw + demarcation.

* establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.

* establecer una normalización = impose + standardization.

* establecer una política = institute + policy.

* establecer una regla = frame + rule.

* establecer un equilibrio = establish + a balance.

* establecer un límite = set + limit.

* establecer un norma = give + prescription.

* establecer un paralelismo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un paralelo = draw + parallel.

* establecer un principio = establish + principle, set forth + cause.

* establecer un record = establish + a record.

* establecer un vínculo = provide + an interface.

* establecer valores = establish + values.

* establecer vínculos afectivos = bond.

* volver a establecer equivalencias = remap.

* * *

establecer [E3 ]

vt

A

1 ‹colonia› to establish; ‹campamento› to set up

estableció su residencia en Mónaco he took up residence in Monaco

2 ‹relaciones/comunicaciones/contacto› to establish

3 ‹dictadura› to establish, set up

B (dejar sentado)

1 ‹criterios/bases› to establish, lay down; ‹precio› to fix, set

conviene dejar establecido que … we should make it clear that …

establecer un precedente to establish o set a precedent

2 ( frml); «ley/reglamento» (disponer) to state, establish

como se establece en la Constitución as laid down o established in the Constitution

tres veces el precio establecido por la ley three times the legal price

3 ‹uso› to establish; ‹moda› to set

4 ‹récord/marca› to set

C (determinar) to establish

no se ha podido establecer qué fue lo que ocurrió it has been impossible to ascertain o establish exactly what happened

■ establecerse

v pron

1 «colono/emigrante» to settle

2 «comerciante/empresa» to set up

se estableció por su cuenta he set up his own business ( o practice etc), he set up on his own

* * *

establecer ( conjugate establecer) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹colonia/dictadura› to establish;

‹ campamento› to set up;
◊ estableció su residencia en Mónaco he took up residence in Monaco

b) ‹relaciones/contacto› to establish

2 ( dejar sentado)
a) ‹criterios/bases› to establish, lay down;

‹ precio› to fix, set;
‹ precedente› to establish, set
b) (frml) [ley/reglamento] ( disponer) to state, establish

c) ‹récord/marca/moda› to set;

‹ uso› to establish
3 ( determinar) to establish
establecerse verbo pronominal [colono/emigrante] to settle;
[comerciante/empresa] to set up
establecer verbo transitivo to establish
(un récord) to set (up)
' establecer' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
conectar
- disponer
- fijar
- implantar
- sentar
- consagrar
- determinar
- montar
English:
ascertain
- establish
- get at
- institute
- lay down
- networking
- open up
- parallel
- pattern
- prioritize
- set
- set down
- set up
- standard
- timetable
- bond
- determine
- dictate
- draw
- empathize
- get
- issue
- lay
- open
- pin
- state

* * *

establecer

♦ vt

1. [instalar] [colonia, poblado] to establish;
[campamento, negocio, sucursal] to set up;
establecer residencia en to take up residence in

2. [fijar, emprender] [régimen, relaciones, comunicación] to establish;
[costumbre] to introduce; [moda] to start; [récord] to set;
no lograba establecer contacto con la torre de control he couldn't make o establish contact with the control tower

3. [expresar] [principios, criterios] to establish, to lay down;
[teoría, hipótesis] to formulate;
estableció las bases de la física moderna he laid the foundations of modern physics

4. [estipular] to state, to stipulate;

las normas del club establecen que… the club rules state that…;

según establece la ley,… as stipulated by law,…

5. [averiguar] to establish, to determine;

la policía no ha podido establecer la causa de su muerte the police have been unable to establish o determine the cause of death

♦ See also the pronominal verb establecerse

* * *

establecer

v/t

1 establish

2 negocio set up

* * *

establecer {53} vt

fundar, instituir: to establish, to found, to set up

♦ See also the reflexive verb establecerse

* * *

establecer vb

1. (crear) to set up [pt. & pp. set]

han establecido una nueva sucursal aquí they've set up another branch here

2. (demostrar) to establish

Newton estableció que... Newton established that...

3. (ordenar) to state

la constitución establece que... the constitution states that...

Spanish-English dictionary > establecer
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Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
12 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
13 sostenido

adj.

1 sustained.

2 sustained, undwindling.

m.

sharp.

past part.

past participle of spanish verb: sostener.

* * *

sostenido

► nombre masculino

1 MÚSICA sharp

————————

sostenido

► participio pasado

1→ link=sostener sostener

► adjetivo

1 (continuado) sustained; (constante) steady

2 MÚSICA sharp

■ fa sostenido F sharp

► nombre masculino sostenido

1 MÚSICA sharp

* * *

(f. - sostenida)

adj.

1) sustained

2) sharp

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=continuo) sustained

2) (Mús) sharp

do sostenido — C sharp

2.

SM (Mús) sharp

* * *

- da adjetivo sharp

re sostenido — D sharp

* * *

= sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], sustainable, unflagging.

Ex. Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.

Ex. Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.

Ex. Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.

Ex. Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.

----

* agricultura sostenida = sustainable agriculture.

* * *

- da adjetivo sharp

re sostenido — D sharp

* * *

= sustained, steady [steadier -comp., steadiest -sup.], sustainable, unflagging.

Ex: Research has shown that strong centralized control of employees is not the best way to achieve operational efficiency or sustained productivity.

Ex: Susan Blanch is a fairly steady customer, taking only fiction books.

Ex: Development is a social, political, and economic process of change which, to be just and sustainable, must ensure the participation of all class, race and gender groups.

Ex: Colleagues from all the regions of the world harnessed their combined intellectual capital, tenacity, good will and unflagging spirit of volunteerism for the good of our profession = Colegas de todas las regiones del mundo utilizaron su capital intelectual, su tenacidad, su buena voluntad y su inagotable espíritu de voluntarismo para el bien de nuestra profesión.

* agricultura sostenida = sustainable agriculture.

* * *

sostenido -da

adjective

A (continuo) constant, continuous

B ( Mús) sharp

re sostenido D sharp

* * *

Del verbo sostener: ( conjugate sostener)

sostenido es:

el participio

Multiple Entries:
sostener
sostenido
sostener ( conjugate sostener) verbo transitivo
1 ( apoyar)
a) ‹estructura/techo› to hold up, support;

‹carga/peso› to bear
b) ( sustentar) ‹ familia› to support, maintain

2 (sujetar, tener cogido) ‹ paquete› to hold;
◊ no tengas miedo, yo te sostengo don't be afraid, I've got you o I'm holding you

3 ‹conversación/relación/reunión› to have
4
a) ( opinar) to hold

b) ‹argumento/afirmación› to support, back up

5
a) ‹lucha/ritmo/resistencia› to keep up, sustain;

◊ ella sostuvo mi mirada she held my gaze

b) (Mús) ‹ nota› to hold, sustain

sostenerse verbo pronominal
a) ( no caerse):

◊ la estructura se sostiene sola the structure stays up without support;

apenas se sostenía en pie he could hardly stand
b) ( en un estado) to remain;

◊ se sostuvo en el poder she managed to remain in power

sostenido
◊ -da adjetivo

sharp;
re sostenido D sharp
sostener verbo transitivo
1 (un peso, cúpula, etc) to support, hold up
(con la mano) sosténme el paraguas un momento, hold the umbrella for me for a moment
2 fig (un derecho, etc) to uphold
(una teoría) to maintain
3 (a la familia) to support
4 (negociaciones, una conversación) to have
sostenido,-a adj Mús sharp
sostenido G-sharp
(en solfeo) soh

' sostenido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
do
- fa
- la
- re
- sostenida
- si
- sol
English:
B
- C
- sharp
- sustained
- unflagging

* * *

sostenido, -a

♦ adj

1. [persistente] sustained

2. Mús sharp;

do sostenido C sharp

♦ nm
Mús sharp
* * *

sostenido

I adj sharp;

fa sostenido MÚS F sharp

II m MÚS sharp

* * *

sostenido, -da adj

1) : sustained, prolonged

2) : sharp (in music)

sostenido nm

: sharp (in music)

Spanish-English dictionary > sostenido
14 sophisticated

1. a лишённый простоты, естественности; утончённый, изощрённый

sophisticated manners — изысканные манеры

2. a искушённый, умудрённый опытом

sophisticated traveller — опытный путешественник

3. a сложный, усложнённый

sophisticated apparatus — сложная аппаратура

sophisticated products — сложные изделия

sophisticated structure — сложная структура

sophisticated bottle — изящный флакон сложной формы

sophisticated technology — сложная техника и технология

4. a современный, стоящий на уровне современности

sophisticated weapons — новейшие виды сложного оружия

sophisticated brokerage — ведение посреднических операций в соответствии с современными требованиями

5. a фальсифицированный; с примесью

sophisticated oil — масло с примесью суррогата

6. a искажённый, извращённый

sophisticated text — искажённый текст

Синонимический ряд:

1. blase (adj.) blase; disentranced; knowing; mondaine; sophisticate; world-wise

2. complex (adj.) advanced; Byzantine; complex; complicated; daedal; elaborate; gordian; intricate; involved; knotty; labyrinthine; modern

3. deceptive (adj.) deceptive; misleading

4. intellectual (adj.) cerebral; intellectual; thoughtful

5. refined (adj.) adult; cultured; mature; refined; well-bred

6. worldly (adj.) artificial; changed; cosmopolitan; disenchanted; disillusioned; mundane; practical; precious; stagy; worldly; worldly-wise

7. adulterated (verb) adulterated; debased; doctored; doped; doped up; loaded; weighted

8. sophisticated (verb) citified; sophisticated; urbanised

Антонимический ряд:

green; ingenuous; naive; simple; unsophisticated; young

English-Russian base dictionary > sophisticated
15 organización

f.

1 organization, hierarchy, array, structure.

2 institution, entity, organism, foundation.

3 organizing.

* * *

organización

► nombre femenino

1 organization

* * *

noun f.

organization

* * *

SF organization

Organización de Estados Americanos — Organization of American States

Organización de las Naciones Unidas — United Nations Organization

organización no gubernamental — non-governmental organization
OPEP
* * *

femenino organization

una organización sindical — a labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union

* * *

femenino organization

una organización sindical — a labor (AmE) o (BrE) trade union

* * *

organización¹

¹ = establishment, organisation [organization, -USA], institution.

Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation.

Ex: The distinction between 'societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.

* Comité de las Organizaciones = Committee of Agricultural Producer Organizations (COPA).

* comportamiento de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.

* comunicación dentro de una organización = organisational communication.

* conducta de las organizaciones = organisational behaviour.

* OPEC, la [Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo] = OPEC [Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries].

* organigrama de una organización = organisation chart.

* organización afiliada = sister organisation.

* organización agraria = agricultural organisation.

* organización a la que pertenece = parent organisation.

* organización benéfica = aid agency, aid organisation.

* organización cívica = community organisation.

* Organización Cultural, Científica y Educativa de las Naciones Unidas (UNESCO = UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).

* organización de voluntariado = voluntary body, voluntary agency, voluntary organisation.

* organización empresarial = business organisation.

* organización intergubernamental (OIG) = intergovernmental organisation (IGO).

* organización internacional = international organisation.

* Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) = International Labour Organisation (ILO).

* Organización Internacional de Normalización = ISO.

* organización mafiosa = crime syndicate.

* organización miembro de una asociación = partner organisation.

* Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) = World Health Organisation (WHO).

* Organización Mundial para el Comercio = World Trade Organization (WTO).

* Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) = FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation).

* Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

* organización que actúa en representación de otras = umbrella organisation.

* OTAN (Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte) = NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation).

* una pieza más en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.

* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the wheel, a cog in the machine.

organización²

² = logistics, map, mapping, organisational setting, organising [organizing, -USA], setup [set-up], organisation [organization, -USA], work organisation, staging, set-up, structuring, implementation.

Ex: Donald P Hammer, Executive Secretary of LITA, and Dorothy Butler, the Division's Administrative Secretary, handled all of the administrative details, arrangements, and logistics.

Ex: A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.

Ex: Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.

Ex: Many students, after working with cases, have testified to the help they received in developing a clearer concept of the dynamics of human relationships in organizational settings.

Ex: No course on management would be complete without articulating the principles of management (i.e., planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling).

Ex: 'You know,' she had said amiably, 'there might be a better job for you here once things get rolling with this new regional setup'.

Ex: This article discusses the history of the organisation of readers' camps for students of secondary schools in Slovakia which dates back to 1979.

Ex: Quality of Work Life (QWL) can be defined as 'the degree to which members of a work organisation are able to satisfy important personal needs through their experiences in the organisation'.

Ex: The author describes the success of a library in staging a series of music concerts as a public relations exercise.

Ex: Areas of particular concern are: equipment set-up and use; helping develop search strategies, logon/logoff procedures; and emergency assistance when things go wrong.

Ex: There are also suggestions for rules for structuring corporate body names.

Ex: This software is important to the further implementation of the record format, especially in developing countries.

* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de la informa = information literacy.

* desorganización = disorganisation [disorganization, -USA].

* metaorganización = meta-organisation.

* modelo de organización = organisational scheme.

* organización bibliográfica = bibliographic organisation.

* organización bibliotecaria = library organisation.

* organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.

* organización de materias = subject organisation.

* organización horizontal = flat organisation, horizontal organisation.

* organización interna = organisational structure.

* organización laboral = job structuring.

* reorganización = respacing.

* una organización de = a pattern of.

* * *

organización

feminine

1 (acción) organization

2 (agrupación, institución) organization

una organización ecologista an ecological organization

una organización sindical a labor ( AmE) o ( BrE) trade union

organización de bienestar social welfare organization

Compuestos:

● Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

● Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual

World Intellectual Property Organization

● Organización Mundial del Comercio

World Trade Organization

* * *

organización sustantivo femenino
organization
organización sustantivo femenino
1 organization: la organización del concierto fue un desastre, the concert was disastrously organized
2 (asociación) organization
Organización No Gubernamental (ONG), Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
' organización' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adherirse
- aparato
- desactivar
- endosar
- entrar
- escala
- F.A.O.
- INTERPOL
- lucro
- mafiosa
- mafioso
- ONG
- OTAN
- OUA
- sede
- seno
- terrorista
- adhesión
- articulación
- barón
- boda
- caritativo
- correr
- cuadro
- cúspide
- depurar
- disolución
- disolver
- emplear
- entidad
- funcionario
- infiltrar
- ingresar
- ingreso
- integrar
- jerarquía
- marina
- miembro
- obra
- ONCE
- ONU
- permanencia
- pertenencia
- programación
- radio
- remodelación
- remodelar
- renovación
- renovar
- representar
English:
base
- charitable
- charity
- disband
- entrance
- Interpol
- join
- lead
- motto
- NATO
- NGO
- nonprofit
- organization
- outfit
- patron
- picketing
- PLO
- policy
- reshape
- service
- set-up
- shake up
- show
- start
- superintendent
- system
- top-heavy
- trust
- umbrella organisation
- voluntary organization
- watchdog
- credit
- in-house
- insider
- second
- syndicate
- united

* * *

organización nf

1. [orden] organization

2. [organismo] organization;

las organizaciones sindicales the trade o US labor unions

Comp
organización de ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid organization;
organización benéfica charity, charitable organization;

organización de consumidores consumer organization;

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development;

Organización de Estados Americanos Organization of American States;

Organización Internacional de Normalización International Standards Organization;

Organización Internacional del Trabajo International Labour Organization;

Organización para la Liberación de Palestina Palestine Liberation Organization;

Organización Mundial del Comercio World Trade Organization;

Organización Mundial de la Salud World Health Organization;

Organización de las Naciones Unidas United Nations Organization;

organización no gubernamental non-governmental organization;

Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries;

Organización para la Seguridad y Cooperación en Europa Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe;

Organización para la Unidad Africana Organization of African Unity;

Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte North Atlantic Treaty Organization

* * *

organización

f organization

* * *

organización nf, pl - ciones : organization

* * *

organización n organization

Spanish-English dictionary > organización
16 strength

see strong

strength n fuerza

he pushed the car with all his strength empujó el coche con todas sus fuerzas

strength

tr[streŋɵ]

noun

1 (of person - physical) fuerza, fuerzas nombre femenino plural, fortaleza; (- stamina) resistencia, aguante nombre masculino

■ you should eat spinach to build up your strength deberías comer espinacas para aumentar tu fuerza

■ he pushed with all his strength empujó con todas sus fuerzas

■ we need to get our strength back necesitamos recobrar las fuerzas

■ by sheer strength a viva fuerza

2 (intellectual, spiritual) fortaleza, entereza, firmeza

■ he showed great strength of character demostró gran fortaleza de carácter

■ strength of will fuerza de voluntad

3 (of machine, object) resistencia; (of wind, current) fuerza; (of light, sound, magnet, lens) potencia

4 (of solution) concentración nombre femenino; (of drug) potencia; (of alcohol) graduación nombre femenino

5 (of currency) valor nombre masculino, fortaleza; (of economy) solidez nombre femenino, fortaleza

6 (of argument, evidence, story) fuerza, validez nombre femenino, credibilidad nombre femenino; (of emotion, conviction, colour) intensidad nombre femenino; (of protest) energía

■ her statement lends strength to his story su declaración da credibilidad a su historia

7 (strong point) punto fuerte, virtud nombre femenino; (ability, capability) capacidad nombre femenino; (advantage) ventaja

■ her strength as a teacher lies in her patience su capacidad como profesora estriba en su paciencia

■ tolerance is one of his many strengths la tolerancia es uno de sus muchos fuertes

■ unity is their strength la unidad es su punto fuerte

■ the strengths and weaknesses of the film las virtudes y defectos de la película

8 (power, influence) poder nombre masculino, potencia

■ the strength of the miners el poder de los mineros

9 (force in numbers) fuerza numérica, número

■ the strength of the work-force el número de trabajadores

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in great strength en gran número

to be on the strength (be a member) formar parte del personal

to do something on the strength of something hacer algo basándose en algo

to be at full strength estar con la plantilla completa

to be under strength estar corto,-a de personal

to go from strength to strength ir ganando fuerzas, marchar viento en popa

strength of feeling ánimos nombre masculino plural

■ there is great strength of feeling over this issue los ánimos están exacerbados por este tema

strength ['strɛŋkɵ] n

1) power: fuerza f

2) solidity, toughness: solidez f, resistencia f, dureza f

3) intensity: intensidad f (de emociones, etc.), lo fuerte (de un sabor, etc.)

4) : punto m fuerte

strengths and weaknesses: virtudes y defectos

5) number: número m, complemento m

in full strength: en gran número

strength

n.

• aguante s.m.

• facultad s.m.

• fibra s.f.

• fortaleza s.f.

• fuerza s.f.

• intensidad s.f.

• rejo s.m.

• resistencia s.f.

streŋθ
noun

1) u ( of persons)

a) ( physical energy) fuerza(s) f(pl); ( health) fortaleza f física

he doesn't know his own strength! — no sabe la fuerza que tiene!

to get one's strength back — recobrar las fuerzas

to save one's strength — ahorrar (las) energías

b) (emotional, mental) fortaleza f; ( in adversity) fortaleza f, entereza f

strength of will — fuerza f de voluntad

strength of character — firmeza f or fortaleza f de carácter

strength of purpose — resolución f, determinación f

give me strength! — (colloq) Dios me dé paciencia!

2) u (of economy, currency) solidez f

political/military strength — poderío m político/militar

3) u

a) ( of materials) resistencia f; (of wind, current) fuerza f; (of drug, solution) concentración f; ( of alcoholic drink) graduación f

full-strength — sin diluir

half-strength — diluido al 50%

b) (of sound, light) potencia f; ( of emotions) intensidad f

c) (of argument, evidence) lo convincente; ( of protests) lo enérgico

we employed her on the strength of his recommendation — la contratamos basándonos en su recomendación

on the strength of that performance she was offered a part — en virtud de esa actuación le ofrecieron un papel

4) c ( strong point) virtud f, punto m fuerte

from strength to strength: the firm has gone from strength to strength since she took over la empresa ha tenido un éxito tras otro desde que ella está al frente; his career seems to be going from strength to strength — su carrera marcha viento en popa

5) u c ( force in numbers) número m

we're below o under strength at the moment — en este momento estamos cortos de personal

their fans were there in strength — sus hinchas estaban allí en bloque or en masa

[streŋθ]
N
1) (=might, energy) (for particular task) fuerzas fpl ; (=general attribute) fuerza f

he hadn't the strength to lift it — no tenía fuerzas para levantarlo

his strength failed him — le fallaron las fuerzas

she swims to build up the strength in her muscles — nada para fortalecer los músculos or coger fuerza en los músculos

you don't know your own strength — no controlas tu propia fuerza

you'll soon get your strength back — pronto recobrarás las fuerzas or te repondrás

• to save one's strength — ahorrar las energías

• with all my strength — con todas mis fuerzas

2) (=fortitude) fortaleza f, fuerzas fpl ; (=firmness) [of belief, conviction] firmeza f

his help gives me the strength to carry on — su ayuda me da fortaleza or fuerzas para seguir adelante

• strength of character — fortaleza f or firmeza f de carácter

• to draw strength from sth — sacar fuerzas de algo

• the independence movement is gathering strength — el movimiento independiente está cobrando fuerza

• give me strength! * — ¡Dios dame paciencia! *

• inner strength — fuerza interior

• strength of purpose — determinación f
gather, tower
3) (=sturdiness) [of material, structure, frame] resistencia f

4) (=power) [of argument] lo convincente, solidez f ; [of claim, case, evidence] peso m ; [of protests] lo enérgico; [of magnet, lens, drug] potencia f ; [of wind] fuerza f ; [of alcohol] graduación f

• on the strength of that success she applied for promotion — en base a ese éxito, solicitó un ascenso

he was recruited on the strength of his communication skills — lo contrataron en virtud de or debido a su aptitud para comunicarse

5) (=intensity) [of emotion] intensidad f, fuerza f ; [of sound] potencia f ; [of colour] intensidad f

he warned the government not to underestimate the strength of feeling among voters — advirtió al gobierno que no subestimara la intensidad or fuerza de los sentimientos de los votantes

6) [of currency] (=value) valor m ; (=high value) solidez f, fuerza f

our decision will depend on the strength of the pound — nuestra decisión dependerá del valor de la libra

exports fell owing to the strength of the pound — las exportaciones bajaron debido a la solidez or la fuerza de la libra

7) (=good point, asset) punto m fuerte

their chief strength is technology — su punto fuerte es la tecnología

to go from strength to strength —

his movie career is going from strength to strength — su carrera cinematográfica marcha viento en popa

the company has gone from strength to strength — la empresa ha ido teniendo un éxito tras otro

8) (in number) número m ; (Mil, Police) efectivos mpl

he has promised to increase the strength of the police force — ha prometido incrementar los efectivos de la policía

• to be at full strength — [army] disponer de todos sus efectivos; (Sport) [team] contar con todos sus jugadores; [office] contar con todo el personal

• his supporters were there in strength or had come in strength — sus partidarios habían acudido en masa

• to be on the strength — (gen) formar parte de la plantilla; (Mil) formar parte del regimiento

to take sb on to the strength — admitir a algn en la plantilla; (Mil) admitir a algn en el regimiento

• to be under or below strength, the team was under or below strength due to injuries — el equipo contaba con pocos jugadores debido a las lesiones

two people are off sick so we're a bit under or below strength — dos de los empleados se encuentran enfermos y estamos un poco cortos de personal

his army was seriously under or below strength — su ejército contaba con poquísimos efectivos

* * *
[streŋθ]
noun

1) u ( of persons)

a) ( physical energy) fuerza(s) f(pl); ( health) fortaleza f física

he doesn't know his own strength! — no sabe la fuerza que tiene!

to get one's strength back — recobrar las fuerzas

to save one's strength — ahorrar (las) energías

b) (emotional, mental) fortaleza f; ( in adversity) fortaleza f, entereza f

strength of will — fuerza f de voluntad

strength of character — firmeza f or fortaleza f de carácter

strength of purpose — resolución f, determinación f

give me strength! — (colloq) Dios me dé paciencia!

2) u (of economy, currency) solidez f

political/military strength — poderío m político/militar

3) u

a) ( of materials) resistencia f; (of wind, current) fuerza f; (of drug, solution) concentración f; ( of alcoholic drink) graduación f

full-strength — sin diluir

half-strength — diluido al 50%

b) (of sound, light) potencia f; ( of emotions) intensidad f

c) (of argument, evidence) lo convincente; ( of protests) lo enérgico

we employed her on the strength of his recommendation — la contratamos basándonos en su recomendación

on the strength of that performance she was offered a part — en virtud de esa actuación le ofrecieron un papel

4) c ( strong point) virtud f, punto m fuerte

from strength to strength: the firm has gone from strength to strength since she took over la empresa ha tenido un éxito tras otro desde que ella está al frente; his career seems to be going from strength to strength — su carrera marcha viento en popa

5) u c ( force in numbers) número m

we're below o under strength at the moment — en este momento estamos cortos de personal

their fans were there in strength — sus hinchas estaban allí en bloque or en masa

English-spanish dictionary > strength
17 avance2

² = advance, advancement, breakthrough [break-through], development, enhancement, stride, betterment, step forward, furtherance, step up.

Ex. I think that the most important advance that we can look forward to is a great increase in the amount of authority data in MARC form.

Ex. In order to achieve good consistent indexing the indexer must have a thorough appreciation of the structure of the subject and the nature of the contribution that the document makes to the advancement of knowledge.

Ex. With the exception of a few prescient observers, most predictions of the 20th century overlooked such breakthroughs as the computer.

Ex. Enumerative schemes can be difficult to revise to take account of new developments.

Ex. Editors consider content of abstracts and their languages as a primary factor in retrieval enhancement.

Ex. Recent strides in storage technology portend lower cost and greater capacity systems for all computers.

Ex. The new danger is that new technologies will be used for the betterment of only a small part of the world's population.

Ex. This article represents a step forward in attempting to systematize the redefinition of library purpose, not simply by basing purpose on community needs but by 'linking needs and libraries in a coherent way'.

Ex. The aims of the centre are the furtherance of teaching and research on any aspect of South Asia.

Ex. In terms of intellectual evolution, it is a radical step up and great leap forward for mankind.

----

* avance de la medicina = medical advance.

* avance espectacular = quantum leap.

* avance importantísimo = giant leap, great leap forward.

* avance médico = medical advance.

* avance profesional = career progression, rise through the ranks.

* avance técnico = technical advance.

* avance tecnológico = technological advancement.

* con avances = stepped-up.

* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.

* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.

* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.

* nuevos avances = future development(s).

* ser un avance = be a step forward.

* suponer una avance sobre = move + one away from.

* suponer un avance = be a step forward.

Spanish-English dictionary > avance2
18 avance

m.

1 advance.

avances científicos scientific advances

2 advance payment (finance).

3 preview (radio & television).

avance informativo news summary; (resumen) newsflash (por noticia deúltima hora)

4 advancement, breakthrough, development, headway.

5 progress, advance, forward movement.

pres.subj.

1^st person singular (yo) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: avanzar.

* * *

avance

► nombre masculino

1 (acción) advance

2 (pago) advance payment; (balance) balancing; (presupuesto) estimate

3 (de película) trailer

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

avance informativo TELEVISIÓN news preview, US news brief

* * *

noun m.

1) advance

2) preview

* * *

SM

1) (=movimiento) advance

el avance de las tropas — the advance of the troops

el avance del feminismo — the advance of feminism

2) (=progreso) advance

grandes avances en el terreno de la genética — major advances in the field of genetics

Pedro ha hecho grandes avances en matemáticas — Pedro has made great progress in mathematics

la reunión concluyó sin avances — no progress had been made by the end of the meeting

3) (Econ) advance (payment)

4) (Cine) (=tráiler) trailer

un avance de la programación matinal — (TV) a look ahead at the morning's programmes

avance informativo — news headlines, advance news summary

5) (Com) (=balance) balance; (=cálculo) estimate

6) (Elec) lead

7) (Mec) feed

8) Cono Sur (=ataque) attack, raid

9) Cono Sur (=regalo) tempting offer, inducement ( made to secure sb's goodwill)

10) CAm (=robo) theft

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( adelanto) advance

un avance en el campo de la medicina — a step forward in the field of medicine

hubo avances significativos en las negociaciones — significant progress was made in the negotiations

b) ( movimiento) advance; (Mil) advance; (Dep) move forward

2)

a) (Esp) (Cin, TV) trailer

un avance de la programación del domingo — a preview of Sunday's programs

b) avances masculino plural (Méx) (Cin, TV) trailer

•

- avance informativo

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( adelanto) advance

un avance en el campo de la medicina — a step forward in the field of medicine

hubo avances significativos en las negociaciones — significant progress was made in the negotiations

b) ( movimiento) advance; (Mil) advance; (Dep) move forward

2)

a) (Esp) (Cin, TV) trailer

un avance de la programación del domingo — a preview of Sunday's programs

b) avances masculino plural (Méx) (Cin, TV) trailer

•

- avance informativo

* * *

avance¹

¹ = move, progress, push towards, progression, march.

Ex: Better flexibility is achieved if the heating, ventilation and lighting can accommodate this move without the need for any alterations.

Ex: AACR represented a significant element in the progress towards rational and standard cataloguing practices.

Ex: In the frenetic push towards international cooperation among research libraries, the library needs of the nonscholar are easily overlooked.

Ex: In the past few years, there has been a technological progression from the Internet to intranets and, now, to extranets.

Ex: The march of information technology has changed service presentation but the media which are used today are those which have served public librarians for years.

* avance inexorable = relentlessness.

* avance rápido de imágenes = fast motion.

* AvPág (Avance Página) = PgDn (Page Down).

* coartar el avance de Algo = hinder + progress.

* evaluación del avance realizado = progress evaluation.

* hacer avances = make + headway.

* informe sobre el avance de un proyecto = progress report.

* retrasar el avance = retard + progress.

* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.

* símbolo de avance de línea = line feed character.

* tecla de Avance de Página = Page Down key.

avance²

² = advance, advancement, breakthrough [break-through], development, enhancement, stride, betterment, step forward, furtherance, step up.

Ex: I think that the most important advance that we can look forward to is a great increase in the amount of authority data in MARC form.

Ex: In order to achieve good consistent indexing the indexer must have a thorough appreciation of the structure of the subject and the nature of the contribution that the document makes to the advancement of knowledge.

Ex: With the exception of a few prescient observers, most predictions of the 20th century overlooked such breakthroughs as the computer.

Ex: Enumerative schemes can be difficult to revise to take account of new developments.

Ex: Editors consider content of abstracts and their languages as a primary factor in retrieval enhancement.

Ex: Recent strides in storage technology portend lower cost and greater capacity systems for all computers.

Ex: The new danger is that new technologies will be used for the betterment of only a small part of the world's population.

Ex: This article represents a step forward in attempting to systematize the redefinition of library purpose, not simply by basing purpose on community needs but by 'linking needs and libraries in a coherent way'.

Ex: The aims of the centre are the furtherance of teaching and research on any aspect of South Asia.

Ex: In terms of intellectual evolution, it is a radical step up and great leap forward for mankind.

* avance de la medicina = medical advance.

* avance espectacular = quantum leap.

* avance importantísimo = giant leap, great leap forward.

* avance médico = medical advance.

* avance profesional = career progression, rise through the ranks.

* avance técnico = technical advance.

* avance tecnológico = technological advancement.

* con avances = stepped-up.

* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.

* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.

* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.

* nuevos avances = future development(s).

* ser un avance = be a step forward.

* suponer una avance sobre = move + one away from.

* suponer un avance = be a step forward.

avance³

³ = trailer, sneak preview, sneak peek, movie trailer.

Ex: A trailer is a short motion picture film consisting of selected scenes from a film to be shown at a future date, used to advertise that film.

Ex: It includes 50 pages of listings of forthcoming spring books, as well as 11 pages of ' sneak previews' of children's books scheduled for autumn 1998 = Incluye 50 páginas de novedades editoriales para la primavera así como 11 páginas de " avances" de libros infantiles programados para otoño de 1998.

Ex: This is a 'sneak peek' at new products that systems vendors will have on exhibit at the conference = Este es un " avance" de los nuevos productos que los vendedores de sistemas expondrán en el congreso.

Ex: The movie trailer was promissory of action and adventure, but the film itself was a bore.

avance⁴

⁴ = tent shelter.

Nota: De caravana.

Ex: The mobile library was based on a converted pickup truck with a camper shell, plus a tent shelter, and camp lantern for night services.

* * *

avance

masculine

A

1 (adelanto) advance

un gran avance en el campo de la medicina a great step forward o a breakthrough in the field of medicine

no hubo avances significativos en las negociaciones no significant progress was made in the negotiations

2 (movimiento) advance; ( Mil) advance; ( Dep) move forward

la lucha contra el avance del desierto the struggle against the advancing o encroaching desert

B

1 ( Esp) ( Cin, TV) trailer

un avance de la programación del fin de semana a preview of o a look ahead at this weekend's programs

2 avances mpl ( Méx) ( Cin, TV) trailer

Compuesto:

avance informativo

news summary, news headlines (pl)

C ( Méx) ( Hist) (robo) pillage, looting; (botín) booty

* * *

Del verbo avanzar: ( conjugate avanzar)

avancé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

avance es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
avance
avanzar
avance sustantivo masculino
a) ( adelanto) advance;

◊ un avance en este campo an advance o a step forward in this field

b) ( movimiento) advance;

(Mil) advance;
(Dep) move forward
avanzar ( conjugate avanzar) verbo intransitivo
a) [persona/tráfico] to advance, move forward

b) [ciencia/medicina] to advance

c) [cinta/rollo] to wind on

d) [ persona] (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress;

[negociaciones/proyecto] to progress
e) [ tiempo] to draw on

verbo transitivo
a) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advance

b) ( mover) to move … forward, advance

avance sustantivo masculino
1 advance
2 Rad TV avance informativo, news summary, preview of news headlines
avanzar verbo transitivo to advance, make progress
' avance' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
av pág
- tráiler
- adelanto
- implacable
- paso
English:
advance
- advancement
- breakthrough
- development
- progress
- trailer
- wave on
- break
- drag
- flash
- hail
- march
- preview

* * *

avance

♦ ver avanzar

♦ nm

1. [movimiento hacia delante] advance;

el avance a través de la selva fue dificultoso making progress through the jungle was not easy

Comp
Informát avance de línea [de impresora] line feed; Informát avance de página [de impresora] form feed
2. [adelanto, progreso] advance;

avances científicos/tecnológicos scientific/technological advances o progress;

los avances en la lucha contra el cáncer advances in the fight against cancer

3. [anticipo de dinero] advance payment

4. [de película] trailer

5. Rad & TV [de futura programación] preview

Comp
avance informativo [resumen] news summary; [por noticia de última hora] newsflash
* * *

avance

m

1 advance;

avance de papel en impresora paper advance

2 en cine trailer

* * *

avance nm

adelanto: advance

* * *

avance n

1. (progreso) advance

el avance de la informática the advance of information technology

2. (de una película) trailer

vimos un avance de la nueva película de James Bond we saw a trailer for the new James Bond film

avance informativo news summary

Spanish-English dictionary > avance
19 illegal

1) особа на нелегальному положенні, нелегал, таємний агент за кордоном

2) незаконний, протизаконний, протиправний; неправомірний; неправосудний; несанкціонований, заборонений; нелегальний, підпільний; лихварський

•

illegal acquisition, storage, use, delivery or ruining of radioactive substances — незаконне придбання, зберігання, використання, передача або руйнування радіоактивних матеріалів

illegal attempt to seize authority on a ship — незаконна спроба захопити керування судном (або владу на судні)

illegal carrying, keeping and buying of arms — незаконне володіння, тримання і купівля зброї

illegal confinement in a psychiatric (mental health) hospital — незаконне поміщення до психіатричної лікарні

illegal crossing of the state border(s) — незаконне перетинання державного кордону

illegal electoral campaign contribution — незаконний внесок на виборчу кампанію

illegal entrepreneurial activities — незаконна підприємницька діяльність

illegal extraction of minerals and ores — незаконне видобування корисних копалин

illegal mailing of inflammable substances — незаконне пересилання поштою легкозаймистих речовин

illegal manufacture, acquisition, keeping, transportation, mailing or sale of narcotic means (substances) — незаконне виготовлення, придбання, зберігання, перевезення, пересилка або збут наркотичних засобів

illegal manufacture of alcoholic beverages — незаконне виробництво спиртних напоїв

illegal performance of an abortion — незаконне здійснення аборту

illegal performance of an abortion which resulted in an enduring injury to health or death — = illegal performance of an abortion which resulted in an lasting injury to health or death; = illegal performance of an abortion which resulted in an long-term injury to health or death незаконне здійснення аборту, що спричинило тривалий розлад здоров'я або смерть

illegal performance of an abortion which resulted in an lasting injury to health or death — = illegal performance of an abortion which resulted in an enduring injury to health or death

illegal performance of an abortion which resulted in an long-term injury to health or death — = illegal performance of an abortion which resulted in an enduring injury to health or death

illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital — = illegal placement in a mental health hospital незаконне поміщення в психіатричну лікарню

illegal placement in a mental health hospital — = illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital

illegal sale of alcoholic beverages — незаконний продаж спиртних напоїв

illegal shipping across the border of raw and other materials for manufacture of arms — незаконний вивіз сировини, матеріалів, обладнання для створення зброї

illegal trade in nuclear materials — незаконна торгівля ядерними матеріалами

illegal transfer of funds from a country — незаконне вивезення коштів з країни

illegal turnover of copied products — обіг незаконно копійованої продукції ( аудіо- та відеозаписів тощо)

illegal use of death as a punishment — незаконне використання смертної кари ( або смерті як покарання)

illegal use of intellectual property — незаконне використання інтелектуальної власності

- illegal abortion
- illegal access
- illegal act
- illegal action
- illegal activities
- illegal adoption
- illegal agreement
- illegal alien
- illegal application
- illegal armed formation
- illegal armed structure
- illegal arms dealer
- illegal arms possession
- illegal arms trade
- illegal arrest
- illegal attempt
- illegal banking operation
- illegal behaviour
- illegal behavior
- illegal beverages
- illegal bringing in of waste
- illegal brothel
- illegal business
- illegal business activities
- illegal business practices
- illegal buying-in
- illegal campaign contributions
- illegal canvassing
- illegal channel
- illegal commercial activity
- illegal compulsion
- illegal conduct
- illegal confinement
- illegal consideration
- illegal contract
- illegal crossing of the border
- illegal custody
- illegal detention
- illegal discrimination
- illegal drug
- illegal drug circulation
- illegal drugtaking
- illegal drug trade
- illegal drug trafficking
- illegal drug traffick
- illegal drug turnover
- illegal drugs
- illegal eavesdropping
- illegal ejectment
- illegal encashment
- illegal enrichment
- illegal enterprise
- illegal entrant
- illegal entrepreneurship
- illegal entry
- illegal entry of a dwelling
- illegal export
- illegal export of capital
- illegal financial activity
- illegal financial deal
- illegal financial operation
- illegal financial transaction
- illegal fishery
- illegal fishing
- illegal gambler
- illegal gambling
- illegal gains
- illegal gain
- illegal goods
- illegal gun operation
- illegal hunting
- illegal immigrant
- illegal immigration
- illegal import
- illegal import of firearms
- illegal in itself
- illegal income
- illegal intent
- illegal interest
- illegal keeping of drugs
- illegal laboratory
- illegal liberation
- illegal liquor
- illegal liquor sale
- illegal liquor trafficking
- illegal liquor traffick
- illegal lobbying
- illegal lumbering
- illegal manufacture
- illegal market
- illegal matter
- illegal means
- illegal medical practices
- illegal migration
- illegal nuclear proliferation
- illegal operation
- illegal organization
- illegal per se
- illegal picketing
- illegal placement
- illegal play
- illegal police practices
- illegal possession
- illegal possession of arms
- illegal possession of firearms
- illegal possession of a weapon
- illegal practice of medicine
- illegal practices
- illegal practice
- illegal products
- illegal profit
- illegal purchase
- illegal purpose
- illegal rally
- illegal registration
- illegal restrictive condition
- illegal sale of drugs
- illegal scheme
- illegal search
- illegal seizure
- illegal sentence
- illegal sentencing
- illegal service
- illegal sit-in
- illegal status
- illegal storing of drugs
- illegal street demonstration
- illegal street use of drug
- illegal strike
- illegal substance
- illegal technique
- illegal trade in antiques
- illegal trade in human organs
- illegal transaction
- illegal transit of goods
- illegal trust
- illegal use
- illegal use of a trademark
- illegal use of force
- illegal violence
- illegal weapons possession
- illegal wiretaping
- illegal wiretap
- illegal work stoppage
- illegal worker

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > illegal
20 system

1) система || системный

2) вычислительная система

3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор

4) система уравнений

5) вчт большая программа

6) метод; способ; алгоритм

•

system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)

- system for event evaluation and review

- system for interactive design

- system of demand equations

- system of units

- system on glass

- 2-2-4 system

- 4-2-4 system

- 4-4-4 system

- absolutely centralized computer system

- access control list system

- accounting system

- Accutrack 400 system

- action logic system

- action-translation system

- active array antenna system

- active night-vision system

- activity-based costing system

- adaptive control system

- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

- ADE system

- adjoint system

- aerial system

- aerospace support system

- AEW system

- AGS system

- airborne early-warning system

- airborne warning and control system

- airborne weather radar system

- aircraft collision avoidance system

- airfield communication system

- air-traffic control system

- air-traffic control radar-beacon system

- airways environmental radar information system

- alignment-and-exposure system

- all-weather guidance system

- all-weather landing system

- alpha system

- alpha reinforcement system

- alternation-product block-cipher system

- analog protection system

- Andrew file system

- antenna-ground system

- antishock system

- antiskip system

- applet file system

- application control and management system

- application development system

- Armstrong frequency-modulation system

- ASR system

- asymmetric cryptographic system

- asynchronous address communication system

- asynchronous-multiplex system

- ATC system

- attached processor system

- attended system

- A-type Dolby system

- A-type professional Dolby system

- audio system

- audio noise-reduction Dolby system

- audiovisual system

- author system

- authoring system

- automated design engineering system

- automated vision system

- automatic coding system

- automatic computer-controlled electronic scanning system

- automatic control system

- automatic data processing system

- automatic degaussing system

- automatic degaussing control system

- automatic digital encoding system

- automatic gain stabilization system

- automatic intercept system

- automatic noise-reduction system

- automatic program search system

- automatic programmable logic array synthesis system

- automatic radio direction-finding system

- automatic speech-recognition system

- automatic stabilization and control system

- automatic tape calibration system

- automatic-telephone system

- automatic test system

- automatic tuning system

- automatic vacuum deposition system

- automobile navigation system

- autonomous system

- avionics system

- aware system

- balance-line system

- ballistic-missile early-warning system

- band-limited system

- bandwidth compression system

- BAR system

- bare-bones system

- base station system

- baseband radar system

- basic input/output system

- batch-processing system

- Batten system

- BCF system

- beam-current feedback system

- beam-forming system

- beam-guidance system

- beam-rider control system

- beep-only system

- beep-plus-voice system

- billing system

- binary system

- binary number system

- bit-serial system

- blind approach beacon system

- bridge duplex system

- broadcast television system

- B-type Dolby system

- B-type simplified Dolby system

- building-block CAD system

- built-in expert system

- bus system

- business information system

- cable distribution system

- cable modem termination system

- CACE system

- CAD system

- CADIC system

- CAE system

- call queuing system

- calorimeter system

- carrier system

- carrier-communication system

- carrier-telegraph system

- case-based expert system

- CATV system

- CD-4 system

- celestial coordinate system

- celestial guidance system

- cellular radio system

- central-battery system

- central-control system

- central nervous system

- centralized automatic trouble-location system

- centralized computer system

- CF system

- CGS system

- CGS electromagnetic system

- CGS electrostatic system

- chaff communication system

- Chain Home radar system

- chain rdr system

- chaotic system

- chirp radar system

- CH radar system

- ciphertext autokey system

- Civis system

- classifier system

- closed bus system

- closed-circuit television system

- closed-cycle control system

- closed-loop control system

- closed-loop servo system

- cloud and collision warning system

- clutter rejection system

- CMY system

- CMYK system

- coarse-fine system

- code addressed system

- coherent carriers system

- coherent spread-spectrum system

- collision avoidance system

- color management system

- COM system

- command system

- command and control system

- command-driven system

- command guidance system

- command-line operating system

- common system

- common carrier system

- common Internet file system

- common timing system

- communication system

- communications and tracking system

- communications switching system

- community antenna television system

- compact-disk file system

- compatible color television system

- compatible single-sideband system

- compatible stereo system

- compatible stereo-quadraphonic record system

- compatible time-sharing system

- complete residue system

- complex system

- composite guidance system

- compound interferometer system

- computer system

- computer-aided control engineering system

- computer-aided design and test system

- computer-aided engineering system

- computer-aided IC design system

- computer-aided retrieval system

- computer-aided voice wiring system

- computer-assisted radar display system

- computer-augmented oscilloscope system

- computer-based expert system

- computer-based photoelectric-counting system

- computer-controlled system

- computer-controlled electron-beam system

- computer-controlled recording system

- computer output microfilm system

- computer process control system

- computer vision system

- computing system

- configurable system

- configurable business system

- connected-speech recognition system

- connectionist system

- conservative system

- constant-frequency variable-dot system

- content scrambling system

- continuous presence system

- continuous-wave tracking system

- control system

- conversational system

- conversational program system

- Cook system

- cooling system

- cooperative system

- coordinate system

- copy generation management system

- correlated orientation tracking and range system

- correlation tracking system

- correlation tracking and triangulation system

- cotar system

- cotat system

- countermeasure system

- CPsystem

- crossband system

- crossbar system

- cross-development system

- crossed-coincident microphone system

- cryptographic system

- crystal system

- CSR system

- C-type Dolby system

- cubic crystal system

- current awareness system

- customer information control system

- data system

- data-acquisition system

- data-banking system

- database management system

- database management system for workgroups

- data-collection system

- data collection and reduction system

- data communication system

- data-compression system

- data-gathering system

- data-handling system

- data management system

- data-processing system

- data reduction system

- data-retrieval system

- data-transmission system

- dc diode sputtering system

- dc self-synchronous system

- dc triode sputter deposition system

- DDC system

- decentralized computer system

- decimal system

- decimal number system

- decision support system

- dedicated system

- deep submicron system

- defense message system

- descriptor-based protection system

- DEW system

- df antenna system

- diagnostic information system

- dial telephone switching system

- differential duplex system

- differential global positioning system

- Diffie-Hellman system

- digital system

- digital access and cross-connect system

- digital cellular system

- digital cellular system 1800 MHz

- digital data-handling system

- digital link management system

- digital private network signaling system

- Digital Research disk operating system

- digital switching system

- digital television system

- digital voice communication system

- direct-challenge system

- direct-dialing telephone system

- direct-digital control system

- direct-feedback system

- direct program search system

- direction-finder antenna system

- directory assistance system

- direct-sequence system

- direct-spread system

- disaster tolerant disk system

- discrete-address beacon system

- discrete-addressed beacon system

- discrete dynamic system

- discrete-parameter system

- discrete sound system

- discriminating-call system

- discriminating-ring system

- disk operating system

- disperse system

- display system

- dissipative system

- distant early-warning system

- distributed system

- distributed control system

- distributed data base management system

- distributed file system

- distributed information processing system

- distributed-parameter system

- distributed-processing system

- distributed software system

- document preparation system

- document viewing system

- Dolby system

- Dolby A system

- Dolby AC-3 system

- Dolby B system

- Dolby C system

- Dolby Digital system

- Dolby Headroom Extension Pro system

- Dolby HX Pro system

- Dolby Noise Reduction system

- Dolby NR system

- Dolby S system

- Dolby Spectral system

- Dolby Surround system

- Dolby Surround Pro-Logic system

- domain name system

- domestic satellite communication system

- Doppler inertial system

- dot-sequential system

- dot-sequential color-television system

- double capstan system

- dp system

- DS system

- dual fail-safe system

- duplex system

- duplicated system

- dynamic system

- early-warning system

- Earth-satellite-Earth communication system

- Edison power distribution system

- educational expert system

- effective technical and human implementation of computer-based systems

- eight-track cartridge system

- electromechanically driven projection system

- electron beam deflection system

- electron-beam exposure system

- electronic countermeasures system

- electronic data-processing system

- electronic document management system

- electronic funds transfer system

- electronic guidance system

- electronic identification system

- electronic mail system

- electronic meeting system

- electronic performance support system

- electronic-scanning system

- electronic scanning radar system

- electronic switching system

- electronic tracking system

- electron-optical system

- electrooptic light-modulation system

- e-mail system

- embedded system

- emergent system

- end system

- enhanced digital access communications system

- enhanced total access communication system

- enterprise system

- enterprise network management system

- entry-level system

- EOLM system

- equatorial satellite communication system

- equatorial-orbit satellite communication system

- equilibrium system

- equivalent four-wire system

- error-correcting reinforcement system

- error-correcting telegraph system

- error-detecting and feedback system

- European communications satellite system

- European fixed service satellite system

- European radio messaging system

- Eurovision system

- evolutionary stable system

- executive system

- executive information system

- expert system

- extended file system-2

- extra bass system

- extraterrestrial reconnaissance system

- Fabry-Perot mirror system

- facsimile system

- fail-safe system

- fail-soft system

- failure resistant disk system

- failure tolerant disk system

- FAT16 file system

- FAT32 file system

- fault resilient system

- FDM system

- FEC system

- federated system

- feed system

- feedback-control system

- feed-forward system

- fiber-optics system

- fiber optics transmission system

- field system

- field-sequential system

- field-sequential color television system

- field skip system

- file system

- file-control system

- file-oriented system

- film-based projection system

- financial expert system

- first generation wireless system

- fixed-point system

- fixer system

- flat file system

- flexible manufacturing system

- floating-point system

- forced-air cooling system

- forward error control system

- forward-loop system

- four-channel sound system

- four-level system

- fractal information system

- frame-alignment system

- freeway surveillance and control system

- frequency-carrier system

- frequency-division multiplex system

- frequency-hopping system

- frequency-reuse satellite system

- fuel-cell system

- full field system

- future public land mobile telephone system

- fuzzy system

- fuzzy control system

- fuzzy expert system

- fuzzy logic expert system

- 3Gwireless system

- gamma system

- gamma reinforcement system

- gate-array CAD system

- Gauss system

- generalized information system

- general-purpose display system

- geographical information system

- geolocation system

- Giorgi system

- global system

- global system for mobile communication

- global communication system

- global navigation satellite system

- global positioning system

- global telecommunication system

- global time-synchronization system

- graphical kernel system

- ground system

- ground-based scanning antenna system

- ground-control system

- ground-controlled approach system

- ground electrooptical deep-space surveillance system

- ground guidance system

- ground information processing system

- ground instrumentation system

- ground proximity warning system

- group decision support system

- group support system

- guidance system

- H-system

- h-system

- Hamiltonian system

- hard system

- hardware system

- Hartree system

- heat-seeking system

- helium refrigeration system

- heterogeneous agent system

- heuristic-based expert system

- hexagonal crystal system

- hierarchical database management system

- hierarchical file system

- hierarchical recognition system

- high-accuracy data transmission system

- high-density modem system

- high performance file system

- highway system

- HLS system

- holographic ice surveying system

- holographic recording and readout system

- home audio system

- homer system

- homing system

- horn-lens system

- host-based system

- HSB system

- HSV system

- hung system

- hybrid computer system

- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system

- hyperbolic guidance system

- hyperbolic navigation system

- hyperbolic radar system

- hypertext authoring systems

- identification system

- image-forming system

- image information system

- image-processing system

- independent system

- inertial system

- inertial control system

- inertial instrument system

- inertial navigation system

- inertial space reference system

- infinite-dimensional system

- infinitely-fast control system

- information system

- information and control system

- information exchange system

- information-feedback system

- information management system

- information-retrieval system

- infrared heat-seeking system

- infrared search track system

- input/output control system

- inquiry and communications system

- installable file system

- instant program locating system

- instrument-landing system

- insulation system

- integrated antenna system

- intelligence system

- intelligent knowledge-base system

- interactive system

- interactive application system

- interactive design system

- interactive graphics system

- interactive pattern analysis and classification system

- interactive software system

- interactive voice system

- intercarrier sound system

- inter-city telecommunications system

- intercommunication system

- interconnection system

- interference position monitoring system

- intermediate system

- intermediate system to intermediate system

- intermittent control system

- internetwork operating system

- inter-organization system

- interphone system

- interplanetary radar system

- interpretating system

- interrupt system

- Intervision system

- intranet-extranet system

- intrusion detection system

- inverted spin system

- ionoscatter system

- isolated-word recognition system

- isometric crystal system

- isotropic system

- iterated function system

- iterative product-cipher system

- Japanese cellular system

- Java operation system

- J-carrier system

- job entry system

- joint surveillance system

- joint tactical information distribution system

- Ksystem

- K-carrier system

- keyboard-to-disk system

- keyboard-to-tape system

- knowledge system

- knowledge base system

- knowledge-based system

- knowledge-based decision support system

- knowledge-based management system

- Kolmogorov system

- Lsystem

- L*a*b* system

- laminar navigation anticollision system

- laminar air navigation anticollision system

- land mobile radio system

- laser communication system

- laser-deflection system

- laser inertial navigation system

- laser tracking system

- lasing system

- L-carrier system

- LCH system

- learning control system

- left-handed system

- left-handed coordinate system

- legacy system

- lenticular-screen projection system

- life support system

- lightning protective system

- lightwave system

- Lindenmayer system

- linear system

- linear-classifier system

- linear feedback control system

- line-of-sight system

- line-sequential system

- line-sequential color television system

- lithography system

- local area augmentation system

- local battery system

- logical input/output control system

- log-structured file system

- long base-line system

- longitudinal video recording system

- long-range-accuracy radio system

- long-range search system

- Lorenz instrumental landing system

- Lotka-Volterra system

- lossless system

- lossy system

- loudspeaker system

- low-altitude detection system

- lumped-parameter system

- LVR system

- Macintosh file system

- MADA system

- maglev system

- magnetic-levitation system

- mail abuse prevention system

- major-deflection electromagnetic system

- malfunction detection system

- management information system

- management intellectual system

- man-computer system

- man-machine system

- man-machine control system

- manned control system

- manufacturing execution system

- many-level system

- many-energy-level system

- many-particle system

- marketing information system

- maser communication system

- Massachusetts general hospital utility multiprogramming system

- mass-storage system

- master/slave computer system

- matrix sound system

- mature system

- mechanical display system

- mechanical television system

- medical expert system

- message-composition system

- message handling system

- message-rate system

- message-switched communication system

- meta class system

- meta-information system

- metallization system

- meteor-burst communication system

- meteor-scatter-system

- metric system

- microcomputer system

- microcomputer-development system

- microelectromechanical system

- microelectronic system

- microprocessor-based spatial-locating system

- microprocessor-controlled system

- microprocessor delay system

- microprocessor development system

- Microsoft disk operating system

- microwave-beam power-transfer system

- microwave-hologram recording system

- microwave landing system

- microwave relay system

- middle-side system

- military expert system

- military information system

- MIMO system

- minicomputer system

- MKS system

- MKS rationalized system

- mobile telephone system

- mode-converting system

- model-based expert system

- model reference adaptive system

- modular system

- modular breadboarding system

- monitor system

- monoclinic crystal system

- monopulse tracking system

- M-S stereo system

- multi-address asynchronous communication system

- multiagent computer system

- multichannel microwave distribution system

- multicomputer system

- multienergy-level system

- multiline digital voice-response system

- multimedia authoring systems

- multiple-access discrete-address system

- multiple-input multiple-output system

- multiple-processor system

- multiple user system

- multiplex system

- multiplexed information and computing system

- multiplicative array antenna system

- multipoint video distribution system

- multipole system

- multiprocessing system

- multiprocessor system

- multitarget sputtering system

- multitrack recording system

- multiuser system

- multivariable system

- Munsell system

- mutual broadcasting system

- national information processing system

- naval communications system

- navigation system

- near-eye system

- near instantaneous companding system

- nearest-neighbor classifier system

- negative reinforcement system

- neomorphic system

- NetWare management system

- network administration system

- network basic input/output system

- network computing system

- network control system

- network data base management system

- network file system

- network operating system

- neuro-fuzzy system

- new technology file system

- nodal switching system

- noise-reducing antenna system

- noise-reduction system

- non-attended system

- non-equilibrium system

- nonlinear system

- nonlinear feedback control system

- nonredundant system

- nonrepairable system

- nonstop system

- NT file system

- number system

- numeral system

- numerical control system

- object-oriented data base management system

- office information system

- off-line system

- OLCA system

- OLCD system

- omnidirectional speaker system

- on-demand system

- on-line system

- on-line circuit-analysis system

- on-line circuit-design system

- on-line computer system

- online fault-tolerant system

- on-line processing system

- on-off system

- on-off telegraph system

- open system

- open bus system

- open-loop system

- open-tube system

- operating system

- operation system

- operational support system

- operator services system

- optical communication system

- optical data-processing system

- optical detection and ranging system

- optical disk recording system

- optical-fiber transmission system

- optical-radar system

- optical recognition system

- optical tracking system

- optical TV communication system

- optimizing control system

- optoelectronic system

- organic system

- organizational decision support system

- orthorhombic crystal system

- p-system

- PA system

- packaged system

- packetized automatic routing integrated system

- packet-switched data transmission system

- pagemaster system

- pager-phone system

- paging system

- parallel-redundant system

- parallel software system

- parametric system

- partitioned-type memory-allocation system

- passive homing system

- passive tracking system

- pattern matching system

- pattern recognition system

- peak-holdings system

- peek-a-boo system

- peripheral-oriented microcomputer system

- personal call system

- personal computer system

- personal computer disk operating system

- personal data system

- personal handy-phone system

- personal locator system

- phased-array warning system

- phase-locked system

- phase-locked loop system

- Philips DNL system

- Philips dynamic noise-limiter system

- phonetic system

- phonocard system

- photoelectric-guidance system

- photographic projection system

- photomasking system

- photovoltaic power system

- picture coding system

- picture quality system

- pilot system

- plane parallel Fabry-Perot system

- plant automation communications system

- plasma-deposition system

- PLL system

- plug-in modular system

- portable life support system

- position control system

- positive reinforcement system

- power system

- predictive system

- predictive expert system

- priority system

- privacy system

- processing system

- production system

- production expert system

- production inventory control system

- program development system

- programmable system

- programmable airline reservation system

- projection cathode-ray tube system

- projection display system

- property management system

- pseudoquadraphony system

- pseudorandom coded system

- public-address system

- public-address reinforcement system

- public expert system

- public-key system

- public-key cryptographic system

- public telephone system

- pulsed Doppler system

- pulsed FM system

- pulse-modulation system

- QS matrix system

- quadraphonic sound system

- quadruple-diversity system

- quasi-linear feedback control system

- queuing system

- quick fax system

- RADA system

- radar augmentation system

- radar braking system

- radar cross-section instrumentation system

- radar guidance system

- radar identification system

- radar imaging system

- radio command system

- radiocommunication system

- radio data system

- radio-guidance system

- radio-inertial-guidance system

- radionavigation system

- radio-relay system

- radiosonde-radio-wind system

- random-access discrete-address system

- range rate tracking system

- range tracking system

- ranging system

- rapid-scan system

- rationalized system of equations

- readout system

- real-time system

- real-time data system

- real-time expert system

- real-time multi-platform UNIX operating system

- real-time operating system

- Rebecca-Eureka system

- receiver lockout system

- recognition system

- reconfigurable system

- recording system

- recursive system

- redundant system

- reel-to-reel tape transport system

- regulating system

- reinforcement system

- relational data base management system

- relay system

- reliability index system

- remote system

- remote concentrating system

- remote file system

- remote semiconcentrating system

- remote sensing system

- reorder point system

- reorder time system

- repairable system

- reproducing system

- rerecording system

- response-controlled reinforcement system

- restorable system

- restricted connected-speech recognition system

- retrieval system

- RF sputtering system

- RGB system

- rhombohedral crystal system

- rho-theta system

- right-handed system

- right-handed coordinate system

- robot system

- robotics system

- rod memory system

- rotating coordinate system

- rule-based expert system

- run-time system

- sampled-data system

- sampling system

- satellite business system

- satellite communications system

- satellite data transmission system

- satellite multiple-access communication system

- satellite radio system

- satellite-switched multiple-access system

- scanning-projection system

- schlieren system

- scientific expert system

- Scophony television system

- searchless identification system

- second generation wireless system

- secrecy system

- secret-key cryptographic system

- self-adaptive system

- self-adjusting system

- self-contained system

- self-guidance system

- self-organizing system

- self-organizing control system

- self-organizing multiple-access discrete-address system

- self-oscillatory system

- self-structuring system

- self-test system

- self-testing system

- selsyn system

- semiactive-homing system

- semiautomatic telephone system

- sequential software system

- serial copy management system

- serial copying management system

- service provisioning system

- servo system

- ship's inertial marine navigational system

- ship's self-contained navigation system

- short-range air navigation system

- short-range Doppler system

- SI system

- signaling system

- simultaneous system

- simultaneous TV system

- single-degree-of-freedom system

- single-input single-output system

- single-sideband system

- single-track magnetic system

- singular equation system

- SISO system

- SOC system

- socio-technical system

- soft system

- soft eject system

- software system

- solar system

- sound-recording system

- sound-reinforcement system

- sound-reproducing system

- space-communication system

- space detection and tracking system

- space-variant pattern-recognition system

- speaker system

- speaker-adaptive system

- speaker-dependent system

- speaker-independent system

- speaker-recognition system

- speaker verification system

- speech-enhancement system

- speech input/output system

- speech processing system

- speech-recognition system

- speech understanding system

- spin system

- spinodal system

- split-screen system

- split-speaker system

- spread-spectrum system

- SQ matrix system

- stand-alone system

- stand-alone expert system

- stand-alone graphics system

- standard electronics assembly system

- standby power system

- standing-wave system

- stand-off target acquisition system

- star system

- start-stop system

- static system

- static ripple imaging system

- stationary-wave system

- step-and-repeat system

- step-by-step system

- stereo microphone system

- stereo sound system

- sticks layout system

- stimulus-controlled reinforcement system

- stochastic system

- storage and retrieval system

- stored-program electronic-switching system

- strapping system

- Strowger system

- structured cabling system

- structured design system

- structured software system

- structured wiring system

- submarine-cable system

- subscriber carrier system

- super anti-modulation tape system

- superconductor energy-storage system

- super video home system

- supervisory control system

- switched access system

- symbol system

- symbolic system

- symbolic interactive design system

- symmetric cryptographic system

- synchro system

- synchronous data link control system

- tactical air navigation system

- tactical communication system

- talking Rebecca-Eureka system

- tape auto-stop system

- tape operating system

- tape-transport system

- TDM system

- telecine system

- telecommunication system

- telemetering system

- telemetry system

- telemetry data processing system

- telemetry information system

- telephone system

- telephone-answering system

- telephone intercommunication system

- telephone video system

- teleprocessing system

- Teleran system

- teletypewriter switching system

- television identification system

- television relay system

- tetragonal crystal system

- text system

- thermal imaging system

- third generation wireless system

- three-phase four-wire system

- three-way speaker system

- time-division multiplex system

- time-frequency collision avoidance system

- time-invariant system

- time reference system

- time-sharing system

- time-varying system

- total access communication system

- touch system

- tracking system

- traffic-alert and collision avoidance system

- traffic control and surveillance system

- traffic control signal system

- trainable system

- trajectory-measuring system

- transaction processing system

- transcontinental communication system

- transform adaptable-processing system

- transmission system

- transmitter-receiver system

- transputer system

- triclinic crystal system

- trigger-starting system

- trigonal crystal system

- triple interlace system

- triplex system

- troposcatter system

- tropospheric radio system

- trunk -system

- tse system

- turntable drive system

- turnkey system

- two-channel sound system

- two-coordinate scanning system

- two-field interlace system

- two-phase five-wire system

- two-phase four-wire system

- two-phase three-wire system

- two-turntable quick-start system

- two-way system

- type system

- UCSD p-system

- unattended system

- underdetermined system

- underwater viewing system

- ungrounded system

- uniplexed information and computing system

- uniprocessor system

- universal battery system

- universal mobile telecommunication system

- universal serial bus system

- unmanned system

- unrestorable system

- USB system

- value system

- variable-structure system

- V-beam system

- vehicle control system

- vehicular disk reproduction system

- very early warning system

- vibrating system

- video cassette recording system

- video editing system

- video-encoding system

- videofile television record storage system

- video home system

- Videotex system

- virtual key cryptographic system

- virtual memory system

- vision system

- visual communication system

- voice/data system

- voice-frequency telegraph system

- voice operating system

- voice recognition system

- voice-response system

- wafer imaging system

- waiting system

- wave-propagating system

- Web network file system

- wide area augmentation system

- wired broadcasting system

- Wollaston-prism digital light-deflector system

- word processing system

- word recognition system

- word-serial system

- writing system

- X-window system

- x-y-z coordinate system

- system Y-

- y-system

- YIQ system

- YUV system

- Δ-system

English-Russian electronics dictionary > system

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